Abstract
The subject of the research is the features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the New Economic Policy (NEP), namely: monopolization and centralization of the publishing industry in Ukraine; introduction of a system of political and ideological control through censorship; administrative-judicial and ideological measures of state bodies on the activities of cooperative-private publishing houses; relations between cooperative, private and state publishing houses. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the New Economic Policy. Research methods. All components of the study are based on the basic principles - scientific, historicism, objectivity, consistency, development, the priority of concrete truth, pluralism, as well as methods for understanding the socio-economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative-analytical, archeographic, retrospective , statistical, systematic and integrated approach. Methodology of the work. In the process of studying this issue, the main provisions were taken as a basis: the history of Ukraine, economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry, the works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners in this field. Work results. In the context of this issue, we studied the features of state management of cooperative and private forms of publishing activity of the population in the conditions of the NEP, namely: monopolization and centralization of the publishing industry in Ukraine; introduction of a system of political and ideological control through censorship; administrative-judicial and ideological measures of state bodies on the activities of cooperative-private publishing houses; relations between cooperative, private and state publishing houses. Scope of the results. The results of this study can be applied in the field of studying the problems of economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the publishing industry. Conclusions. Therefore, having studied the activities of cooperative-private publishing houses, we can state that their relationship with state publishing houses had a situational socio-political paradigm, reflecting the attitude of the mono-party system to amateur forms of entrepreneurial activity of the population. During the 1920s a kind of "peaceful" coexistence of the two sectors of publishing activity continued, but there was a tendency towards the stateization of cooperative-private publishing houses. The state tried to prevent the strengthening of the role of private and cooperative forms. By introducing the classification of publishing houses, the Soviet state sought to monopolize and centralize the publishing industry in Ukraine, to introduce a system of political and ideological control through censorship. Administrative-judicial and ideological measures of state bodies were directed against cooperative and private publishing houses for several reasons: to eliminate a competitor from the consumer market of book products, to make it impossible for the independent cooperative-private system to function in the field of printing and printing, to involve them in the implementation of state orders of an ideological direction, to reorganization on the principles of state associations
Keywords
new economic policy; private-cooperative capital; state monopoly; centralization of the publishing industry; model of book publishing and bookselling; classification of publishing houses; state publishing houses; private and cooperative publishing houses; bookselling network; state policy in the publishing industry; targeted subsidies; control system censorship authorities
References
[1] Avtushenko, I.B. (2001). Totalitarianization of the cultural sphere of public life in the USSR (20-30s of the twentieth century). (Doctoral dissertation, Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko, Kyiv, Ukraine).
[2] Blyum, A.V. (2000). Soviet censorship in the era of totalitarian terror. 1929-1953. Saint-Petersburg: Akademicheskij Proekt.
[3] Govorov, A.A. (1976). The history of the book trade in the USSR. Moscow: Kniga.
[4] Holubenko, P. (1993). Ukraine and Russia in the world of cultural relations. Kyiv: Dnipro.
[5] Gorcheva, A.Yu. (1996). Gulag press (1918-1955). Moscow: Moscow University.
[6] Hrechanko, V.A., & Yarmysh, O.N. (2001). Ukraine in the era of "early" totalitarianism (20s of XX century). Kharkiv: NUVS.
[7] From the history of books in Ukraine. (1978). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka.
[8] Collection of laws and regulations of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Ukraine (Vol. 20). (1925).
[9] Collection of laws and regulations of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Ukraine (Vol. 32). (1925).
[10] Collection of laws and regulations of the Workers 'and Peasants' Government of Ukraine (Vol. 81). (1925).
[11] History of Soviet political censorship. Documents and comments. (1997). Moscow: Russian Political Encyclopaedia.
[12] Kiziun, V.K. (1994). Publishing activities of state, socio-political and public organizations in the 20's. (Doctoral dissertation, Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko, Kyiv, Ukraine).
[13] Book and book business in the USSR: Collection of documents and materials (1917-1941). (1965). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka.
[14] Koval, S. (2004). Formation of a system of totalitarian control in the Soviet Union. Scientific Notes on Ukrainian History: Collection of Scientific Papers, 15, 149-155.
[15] Kolosova, N.F. (1970). Publication of technical literature in Ukraine (1917-1940). Kharkiv.
[16] Kostyk, Ye.P. (2006). Making and activities of the cooperative publishing in the USSR (1922-1930). (Doctoral dissertation, Cherkasy, Ukraine).
[17] Cultural construction in the Ukrainian SSR. Important decisions of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government of 1917-1959. Collection of documents. (1959). Kyiv: Politvydav Ukrainy.
[18] Masnenko, V. (1996). Censorship in Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s: System, instructions, repressive policy. Modernity, 6, 81-90.
[19] Molodchykov, O.V. (1974). Book of Soviet Ukraine. Kyiv: Politvydav Ukrainy.
[20] Mukhin, M. (1923). Bibliography. New Ukraine, 6, 183-184.
[21] Propaganda and agitation in decisions and documents of the CPSU (b). (1950). Kyiv: Politvydav Ukrainy.
[22] Reorganization of publishing and book trade in Ukraine. (1930). Bibliolohichni Visti, 3, 144-148.
[23] Tyshchenko, Yu. (1923). The current state of book business in Ukraine. New Ukraine, 6, 120-132.
[24] Udod, O.A. (2000). The role of historical science and education in the formation of spiritual values of the Ukrainian people: 1920-30's. (Doctoral dissertation, Dnipropetrovsk State University, Dnipro, Ukraine).
[25-47] Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine (TsDAVO of Ukraine). (n.d.).
